• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A wind turbine protected against potentially harmful conditions, such as extreme winds, dust storms or edgewise oscillations, comprises a rotor with a plurality of wind turbine blades and a hub for supporting each of the blades at respective root portions thereof. At least one liftreducing blade cover, such as a net, mesh, or continuous sheet, is accommodable in a collapsed storage configuration at or near the hub, the blade cover being extendible into an extended configuration covering at least a part of a surface of at least one of the blades. A release mechanism is provided for releasing the blade cover from the collapsed storage configuration.
    公开号:DK201770031A1
    申请号:DKP201770031
    申请日:2017-01-18
    公开日:2018-05-28
    发明作者:Alvaro Matesanz Gil；Alberto Ortiz Guemes
    申请人:Vestas Wind Sys As；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    <1θ> DANMARK
    0°) DK 2017 70031 A1
    PATENTANSØGNING
    (12)
    Patent- og
    Varemærkestyrelsen (51) lnt.CI.: F03D 80/50 (2016.01) (21) Ansøgningsnummer: PA 2017 70031 (22) Indleveringsdato: 2017-01-18 (24) Løbedag: 2017-01-18 (41) Aim. tilgængelig: 2018-05-28 (71) Ansøger: VESTAS WIND SYSTEMS A/S, Hedeager 42, 8200 Århus N, Danmark (72) Opfinder: Alvaro Matesanz Gil, Avenida de los Ecuartes, 13,1a A, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spanien Alberto Ortiz Guemes, C/Londres, 52, 22 A, 28028 Madrid, Spanien (74) Fuldmægtig: Vestas Wind Systems A/S IPR Department, Hedeager 42, 8200 Århus N, Danmark (54) Benævnelse: WIND TURBINE WITH BLADE COVER (56) Fremdragne publikationer:
    WO 2011/067304 A1 US 2011/0103952 A1 US 2008/0282590 A1 CN 2705622 Y (57) Sammendrag:
    A wind turbine protected against potentially harmful conditions, such as extreme winds, dust storms or edgewise oscillations, comprises a rotor with a plurality of wind turbine blades and a hub for supporting each of the blades at respective root portions thereof. At least one liftreducing blade cover, such as a net, mesh, or continuous sheet, is accommodable in a collapsed storage configuration at or near the hub, the blade cover being extendible into an extended configuration covering at least a part of a surface of at least one of the blades. A release mechanism is provided for releasing the blade cover from the collapsed storage configuration.
    Fortsættes ...
    DK 2017 70031 A1
    DK 2017 70031 A1
    WIND TURBINE WITH BLADE COVER
    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention relates to a wind turbine with a lift-reducing blade cover for protecting the blade during occurrences of potentially harmful conditions, such as extreme winds, dust storms or edgewise oscillations.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    There are several factors that may reduce the lifetime of a wind turbine. One of these factors is the wind speeds, to which the wind turbine is exposed, with extreme wind speeds potentially causing damage to wind turbines. In some areas extreme winds occur relatively frequently due to their climates causing storms, hurricanes, typhoons, etc. The current development of global climate may further increase the geographical extent of such areas.
    To protect wind turbines from sustaining damage during such events of extreme winds, wind turbines may be adjusted to generate relatively little or no lift at certain wind conditions by, e.g., changing the pitch angle of the wind turbine blades and possibly rotating the wind turbine by yaw rotation. However, such measures may be insufficient and, especially during changing wind directions, ineffective. Accordingly, wind turbines installed in such areas may have a relatively short lifetime and/or relatively high need for maintenance.
    Further, changing wind turbine blade pitch angles and yaw rotation cannot effectively protect the wind turbine blades against damage caused by dust storms. Accordingly, dust storms may also affect lifetime and/or need for maintenance.
    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    In a first aspect, embodiments provide a wind turbine comprising:
    a rotor comprising a plurality of wind turbine blades and a hub for supporting each of the blades at respective root portions thereof;
    - at least one lift-reducing blade cover accommodable in a collapsed storage configuration at or near the hub or the blade, the blade cover being extendible into an extended configuration covering at least a part of a surface of at least one of the blades; and
    DK 2017 70031 A1 a release mechanism for releasing the blade cover from the collapsed storage configuration.
    In a second aspect, embodiments provide a method of protecting a wind turbine, the wind turbine comprising a plurality of wind turbine blades and a hub for supporting each of the blades at respective root portions thereof, the method comprising the steps of:
    providing at least one lift-reducing blade cover accommodated in a collapsed storage configuration at or near the hub or the blade, the blade cover being extendible into an extended configuration covering at least a part of a surface of at least one of the blades;
    providing a release mechanism for releasing the blade cover from the collapsed storage configuration;
    - the release mechanism releasing the blade cover from the collapsed storage configuration.
    In present context, the term lift-reducing blade cover is to be understood as a blade cover that, when covering at least part of a surface of a blade, causes the blade to generate a lift smaller than the lift generated by the same blade operating under the same conditions but without the blade cover covering at least part of the blade. The lift may be reduced by the change of the structure of the flow around the blade that originates over the cover, by an increase of turbulence of the flow of air in the vicinity of the blade and/or by causing the air flow around the blade to stall and/or by otherwise at least partly obstructing the air flow surrounding the blade. Additionally the cover increases both aerodynamic drag and damping, which help to reduce possible oscillations of the blade.
    Thanks to the blade cover, the wind turbine may obtain an extended lifetime and/or reduced need for maintenance given the blade cover's ability to reduce aerodynamic lift and hence loads on the blade and/or on the wind turbine's drive train, when the cover is in the extended configuration. More particularly, the blade cover is able to be released from the collapsed storage position by the release mechanism to protect the blade under certain conditions. It may, e.g., be released and extended to cover at least part of a surface of at least one of the blades if extreme winds are expected. It may additionally or alternatively be released if a dust storm is expected. It may additionally or alternatively be released if a certain degree and/or amplitude of edgewise oscillations is detected. In all of these exemplary cases, the blade cover may be able to protect the blade and extend its lifetime and/or reduce the need for maintenance by virtue of the reduced aerodynamic load experienced by the blade and hence reduced load in the drive train and the wind turbine as a whole.
    DK 2017 70031 A1
    Further, by accommodating the blade cover in the collapsed storage configuration at or near the hub or the blade, it may be ensured that the blade cover is readily available when needed for deployment without the need for transportation of the blade cover and possibly cumbersome instalment. This may reduce the effort and time needed for deploying the blade cover to cover at least part of the surface of the blade. Accordingly, the wind turbine may be operated for longer in a normal configuration, wherein the blade(s) create lift and the wind turbine generates electrical energy.
    The blade cover may, e.g., be in the form of a net with a mesh-like structure. Such blade cover may create a change in the structure of the air flow and the boundary layer around the blade when the blade cover is extended and covers at least part of the blade. The new flow structure and its boundary layer may reduce lift created by the blade and thus also reduce the strain on the wind turbine created by the wind. The net-like blade cover may also create drag, which will help to damp any oscillation present in the blade. This also has the potential to reduce strain on the wind turbine.
    The blade cover may also, e.g., be in the form of a continuous sheet. Such continuous sheet may act as barrier between incoming airborne particles and the surface of the blade being covered by the cover. Such a barrier may be particularly beneficial in the event of a dust storm to at least partly protect the blade surface against incoming dust and thus at least reduce undesired surface erosion otherwise caused by the dust.
    The collapsed storage configuration of the blade cover may, e.g., be a configuration in which the blade cover is rolled up on a roll to enable a relatively compact collapsed storage configuration. The release mechanism may in such case comprise a mechanism for releasing the roll, allowing it to roll out and extend the blade cover. The roll may be rolled out with assistance from a drive powered by, e.g., electricity. The collapsed storage configuration may alternatively be a folded-up configuration, in which the cover is stored in a compartment provided, e.g., in the hub or in the vicinity of the hub. In this case, the release mechanism may, e.g., comprise a latched lid that may be opened to release the blade cover allowing it to extend.
    In embodiments of the invention, the release mechanism and the blade cover in its collapsed storage configuration is provided in the hub or on an outer surface of the hub. In this case, the blade cover in its collapsed storage configuration may be stored in a manner with little or no influence of the aerodynamic properties of the blade(s). Accordingly, the aerodynamic properties and lift generation of the blade may be optimized during normal operation with the blade cover in its collapsed storage configuration. Further, by providing the blade cover in its collapsed storage configuration according to present embodiments, it may be ensured that
    DK 2017 70031 A1 the blade cover adds little or no weight to the blade during normal operation with the blade cover in its relaxed storage configuration.
    The release mechanism may be configured to release the blade cover so as to allow the blade cover to extend into the extended configuration under the action of gravity. In this case, the release mechanism may be constructed in a simple manner without the need for a drive for extending the cover. In embodiments of the invention, the wind turbine is a horizontal axis wind turbine. In such embodiments, the release mechanism may for example be configured to extend the blade cover when the blade is in its 6 o'clock position with its tip pointing downwards. In such orientation, the blade cover may be pulled towards the tip of the blade by the force of gravity. If more than one blade cover is to be extended, the respective covers of the blades may be sequentially released when each blade is in the 6 o'clock position.
    The release mechanism may, e.g., be in the form of a mechanism for a releasing roll, on which the blade cover may be rolled up on. It may alternatively be in the form of a mechanism for opening a latched lid under which the blade cover may be stored.
    In embodiments, the release mechanism is configured to release and extend the blade cover by mechanical action imparted by the release mechanism. This may allow the blade cover to be released irrespective of the orientation of the blade to be covered. It may additionally decrease the time it takes to extend the blade cover and may enable extension of more blade covers at a time. Further, a need for controlling rotation of the blade(s) for the purpose of extending the blade cover(s) may be eliminated. The mechanical action may be provided as thrust acting for a period of time smaller than the time it takes to fully extend the blade cover. In this case, the thrust initially accelerates the blade cover towards the tip of the blade where after the blade cover continues towards the tip of the blade without further action from the release mechanism. The mechanical action may alternatively be provided as a force acting on the blade cover until the blade cover is fully extended.
    The blade cover may be extendible to cover at least 1/3 of the outer surface of at least one of the blades in the extended configuration to enhance the lift-reducing and protective effect of the blade cover.
    The blade cover may be extendible to cover the entire outer surface of at least one of the blades in the extended configuration. In this case, the blade cover may be allowed optimum conditions for protecting the blade and reducing lift. In particular, when the blade cover covers the entire outer surface of the blade, it affects the aerodynamic properties of all parts of the blade.
    DK 2017 70031 A1
    In embodiments, the blade cover comprises a mesh-like structure. The mesh-like structure may generate boundary layer turbulence to an extent which reduces the lift generated by the covered blade. The mesh-like structure may be desirable due to its relatively low weight compared to a continuous sheet of material of similar thickness and surface area spanned.
    The blade cover may alternatively comprise a continuous sheet. The continuous sheet may be able to at least partly obstruct the airflow surrounding the blade and thus reduce the lift generated by the covered blade. Further, the continuous sheet acts as a barrier between the blade it covers and incoming flow of air and particles. Accordingly, the continuous sheet may protect the blade from wear caused by incoming particles such as, e.g., dust particles, grains or other particles carried by the incoming wind.
    The blade cover preferably comprises a proximal end attached at or near the hub at the root portion of the blade and a distal end, and first attachment means at the distal end, the first attachment means being configured to attach the distal end of the blade cover to the wind turbine blade. In this case, the blade cover is able to be attached to the blade and secured in the extended configuration. This may improve the reliability of the blade cover in so far as it reduces the chance of unintentional change from the extended configuration to the collapsed storage configuration. Further, the blade cover may be secured in an extended configuration at some fractional radial extent of the blade smaller than one. Moreover, the blade cover does not need to extend to or beyond the tip of the blade for it to be secured in the extended configuration.
    The blade cover may comprise respective cover halves, each comprising a proximal end attached at or near the hub at the root portion of the blade and a distal end, the blade cover further comprising second attachment means at the distal ends of the blade halves, the second attachment means comprising attachment elements for mutually attaching the distal ends of the respective cover halves. In this case, the blade cover is able to be secured in the extended configuration by attaching the distal ends of the respective cover halves. By attaching the second attachment means and thus also the distal ends of the cover halves to each other and not necessarily to the blade, the blade may be configured irrespective of the second attachment means. This may allow retro-fitting a wind turbine with a blade cover without a need for customizing the blade(s). The blade cover may comprise more than two segments, the distal ends of which are preferably mutually securable in the extended configuration of the blade cover.
    In embodiments, the blade cover comprises immobilization means at the distal end of the blade cover, the immobilization means comprising weights configured to immobilize the distal end of the blade cover near the tip of the wind turbine blade. The weights may be configured to swing onto the same side of each blade with respect to a plane intersecting at least part of
    DK 2017 70031 A1 all blades of the wind turbine during rotation. At least one weight then may act as a counter weight for the blade cover and may secure the blade cover in the extended configuration. The weights may also increase any pull on the blade cover exerted by gravity and thus ease the process of extending the blade cover into the extended configuration under the action of gravity.
    In embodiments, the release mechanism is controlled by a control system of the wind turbine, the control system being configured to cause the release mechanism to release the blade cover upon detection of a predetermined wind speed. In this case, the wind turbine may be at least partly protected from the potentially harmful wind speeds at or above the predetermined wind speed threshold. Accordingly, the wind turbine is configured with an improved self-preservation system.
    In embodiments, the release mechanism is configured to extend the blade cover to cover a calculated fraction of the surface of the blade, the calculated fraction being calculated in a predetermined manner based on a measured wind speed. In this case, the blade cover may be extended to cover, e.g., 1/2 of the surface of the blade if a first wind speed is detected, 3/4 of the surface of the blade if a second wind speed is detected, 4/5 of the surface of the blade if a third wind speed is detected, wherein the third wind speed is larger than the second wind speed and the second wind speed is larger than the first wind speed. This may allow the blade to generate some lift without the lift being harmful so as to act as a sort of brake.
    The release mechanism may be controlled by a control system of the wind turbine, the control system being configured to cause the release mechanism to release the blade cover upon detection of a predetermined amplitude of edge-wise oscillations. By reducing lift generated by the blade, the blade cover in the extended configuration may also be able to reduce potentially harmful edgewise oscillations at or above the predetermined amplitude of edgewise oscillations. Accordingly, the wind turbine may be able to detect and protect itself against harmful edgewise oscillations.
    The release mechanism may be controlled by a remote control system capable of releasing the release mechanism in response to, for example, conditions not yet present in the local environment of the wind turbine. Moreover, the remote control system may control the release mechanism in accordance with, e.g., a weather forecast for the local environment of the wind turbine, a predetermined condition such as, e.g., a predetermined wind speed or predetermined amplitude of edge-wise oscillations detected by a nearby wind turbine or another relevant condition. The remote control system may allow release of the release mechanism when the wind turbine is idle do to, e.g., a need for repair of the wind turbine. In
    DK 2017 70031 A1 this case, the blade cover may be able to protect the blade while it is not in normal operation.
    An automated mechanism for collapsing the cover may further be provided. In this case, the blade cover may be automatically collapsed when, e.g., the predetermined condition, which caused the release mechanism to be released, has ceased to exist, or when it is otherwise determined that normal operation of the wind turbine is desirable. The automated mechanism may reduce or limit the need for personal being present at the wind turbine in order to collapse the cover.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    Embodiments of the invention will now be described in further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
    Figs. 1-4 each illustrates a blade cover and a blade of wind turbine according to an embodiment of the invention,
    Figs. 5-6 each illustrates a plurality of blade covers and blades of a wind turbine according to 15 an embodiment of the invention,
    Figs. 7-10 each illustrates a blade cover and a blade of wind turbine according to an embodiment of the invention,
    Fig. 11 illustrates a plurality of blade covers and blades of a wind turbine according to an embodiment of the invention and
    Fig. 12 illustrates a wind turbine having a plurality of blade covers and blades.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    It should be understood that the detailed description and specific example, while indicating an embodiment, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description.
    Figs. 1-4 each illustrates a blade cover 1 and a wind turbine blade 3 of a wind turbine (not shown) according to an embodiment of the invention. In Fig. 1, the blade cover 1 is in a
    DK 2017 70031 A1 collapsed storage configuration accommodated on an outer surface of a hub of a rotor (not shown) of the wind turbine. The blade 3 is attached to the hub at a root portion 5 of the blade 3. The blade cover 1 is in a folded up configuration in a compartment 7. In the embodiment of Fig. 1, a release mechanism 9 is provided for releasing the blade cover from the collapsed storage configuration. The blade cover 1 is then released by the release mechanism 9 so as to allow it to extend into an extended configuration under the action of gravity.
    In Fig. 1 (and Figs. 2-4), gravity pulls in the direction of the arrows 11. Accordingly, gravity pulls the blade cover 1 along the radial extend of the blade 3 to cover an increasingly large part of the surface 13 of the blade 3. The blade cover 1 is gradually extended in this manner in Figs. 1-2 and fully extended to cover the entire surface 13 of the blade 3 in Fig. 3. In Fig. 3, second attachment means 15 are being attached for mutually attaching distal ends of respective cover halves 17, 19. In Fig. 4, the second attachment means 15 have been mutually attached to secure the blade cover 1 in the extended configuration.
    Fig. 5 illustrates a plurality of blade covers 1 and blades 3 of a wind turbine according to an embodiment of the invention. More specifically, it illustrates three blades 3 of the wind turbine, each blade having an associated blade cover 1 and release mechanism 9. The first one of the blades 3a is in its 6 o'clock position with its tip pointing downwards towards the ground or water surface 23 above which the wind turbine has been erected. In this orientation, the first one of the blade covers la has been pulled towards the tip 21 of the blade 3 under the force of gravity and finally fully extended and secured in the extended configuration.
    Fig. 6 illustrates the same embodiment as that of Fig. 5. However, in Fig. 6 the rotor has been rotated to rotate the second one of the blades 3b into its 6 o'clock position with its tip pointing downwards so as to allow the second one blade covers lb to be pulled towards the tip 21 to extend the second one of the blade covers lb. In a similar manner, the third one of the blade covers lc may be extended by rotating the rotor to rotate the third one of the blades 3c into its 6 o'clock position.
    Figs. 7-10 each illustrates a blade cover 1 and a blade 3 of a wind turbine according to an embodiment of the invention. In the illustrated embodiment, the release mechanism 9 is configured to release and extend the blade cover 1 by mechanical action imparted by the release mechanism 9. More specifically, the release mechanism 9 is configured to thrust the blade cover 1 away from the hub. A proximal end 25 of the blade cover 1 is attached to the hub to fixate it there, whereas the distal end of the blade cover 1 is allowed to continue towards the tip of the blade as illustrated in Figs. 7-9. The direction of gravitational pull is not in the direction of the arrows 27 in Fig. 7 (and Figs. 7-10). Accordingly, the blade cover 1 is
    DK 2017 70031 A1 extended along a direction different from that of the gravitational pull and extension may be done irrespective of the orientation of the blade 1. In Fig. 10 the blade cover 1 is fully extended and the second attachment means 15 are mutually attached and the blade cover 1 secured in the extended configuration.
    Fig. 11 illustrates a plurality of blade covers 1 and blades 3 of a wind turbine according to an embodiment of the invention. The release mechanisms 9 associated with each blade cover 1 is similar to that in the embodiment of Figs. 7-10 and thus configured to extend each blade cover 1 by mechanical action imparted by each release mechanism 9. In the embodiment of Fig. 11, all three release mechanisms 9 are activated in parallel to extend all three blade covers 1 in parallel.
    Fig. 12 illustrates a wind turbine 29 having a plurality of blade covers 1 and blades 3 according to an embodiment of the invention. The blade covers 1 are attached to the surface of the hub 31 of the wind turbine 29. The hub 31 is supported by a tower 33 erected on the ground surface 23. The hub 31 in the embodiment of Fig. 12 is illustrated as non-circular.
    However, a circular hub is also possible and perhaps even preferred. In this embodiment, the release mechanisms 9 associated with each blade cover 1 is similar to that in the embodiment of Figs. 7-11 and thus configured to extend each blade cover 1 by mechanical action imparted by each release mechanism 9. All three release mechanisms 9 are activated in parallel to extend all three blade covers 1 in parallel. Alternatively, the blade covers could be extended sequentially under the action of gravity.
    DK 2017 70031 A1
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1] 1. A wind turbine comprising:
    a rotor comprising a plurality of wind turbine blades and a hub for supporting each of the blades at respective root portions thereof;
    at least one lift-reducing blade cover accommodable in a collapsed storage configuration at or near the hub or the blade, the blade cover being extendible into an extended configuration covering at least a part of a surface of at least one of the blades; and a release mechanism for releasing the blade cover from the collapsed storage configuration.
    [2] 2. A wind turbine according to claim 1, wherein the release mechanism and the blade cover in its collapsed storage configuration is provided in the hub or on an outer surface of the hub.
    [3] 3. A wind turbine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the release mechanism is configured to release the blade cover so as to allow the blade cover to extend into the extended configuration under the action of gravity.
    [4] 4. A wind turbine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the release mechanism is configured to release and extend the blade cover by mechanical action imparted by the release mechanism.
    [5] 5. A wind turbine according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the blade cover is extendible to cover at least 1/3 of the outer surface of at least one of the blades in the extended configuration.
    [6] 6. A wind turbine according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the blade cover is extendible to cover the entire outer surface of at least one of the blades in the extended configuration.
    [7] 7. A wind turbine according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the blade cover comprises a mesh-like structure.
    [8] 8. A wind turbine according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the blade cover comprises a continuous sheet.
    DK 2017 70031 A1
    [9] 9. A wind turbine according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the blade cover comprises a proximal end attached at or near the hub at the root portion of the blade and a distal end, and first attachment means at the distal end, the first attachment means being configured to attach the distal end of the blade cover to the wind turbine blade.
    [10] 10. A wind turbine according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the blade cover comprises respective cover halves, each comprising a proximal end attached at or near the hub at the root portion of the blade and a distal end, the blade cover further comprising second attachment means at the distal ends of the blade halves, the second attachment means comprising attachment elements for mutually attaching the distal ends of the respective cover halves.
    [11] 11. A wind turbine according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the release mechanism is controlled by a control system of the wind turbine, the control system being configured to cause the release mechanism to release the blade cover upon detection of a predetermined wind speed.
    [12] 12. A wind turbine according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the release mechanism is controlled by a control system of the wind turbine, the control system being configured to cause the release mechanism to release the blade cover upon detection of a predetermined amplitude of edge-wise oscillations.
    [13] 13. A wind turbine according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the release mechanism is controlled by a remote control system.
    [14] 14. A wind turbine according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the blade cover comprises an automated mechanism for collapsing the cover.
    [15] 15. A method of protecting a wind turbine, the wind turbine comprising a plurality of wind turbine blades and a hub for supporting each of the blades at respective root portions thereof, the method comprising the steps of:
    providing at least one lift-reducing blade cover accommodated in a collapsed storage configuration at or near the hub or the blade, the blade cover being extendible into an extended configuration covering at least a part of a surface of at least one of the blades;
    providing a release mechanism for releasing the blade cover from the collapsed storage configuration;
    DK 2017 70031 A1 the release mechanism releasing the blade cover from the collapsed storage configuration.
    DK 2017 70031 A1
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    同族专利:
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DKPA201770031A|DK179394B1|2017-01-18|2017-01-18|Wind turbine with blade cover|DKPA201770031A| DK179394B1|2017-01-18|2017-01-18|Wind turbine with blade cover|
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